Eric Abrahamson, Professor of Management at Columbia Business School and author of a new book A Perfect Mess, says: “There is a sweet spot between complete order and complete disorder. What you have to remember is that there is a cost to order. If you stop to tidy up every time something becomes disordered you'll continually interrupt yourself and never get any work done. But on the other hand, if you're a complete mess you'll never find anything.”

Ian Smalley, creative director of corporate digital communications agency CTN, is a believer in just that sort of messy medium.

The perimeter of his desk is delineated by towers of paper: “I have a relatively big desk so as long as there is elbow room, things tend to pile up, even if some of them do date back to 2004.”

But his main reason for untidiness is lack of time to tidy: “It is a busy environment and at the end of the day, while all confidential documents are shredded and recycled, I want to leave and see my son, not file bits of paper.”

He adds: “I can get a professional-looking desk by doing a ‘five-minute tidy' where I straighten all the piles of paper up if I need to.”

Prof Abrahamson says messy desks can be good: “People with a moderate amount of mess usually have everything to hand.” Leaving a mess on your desk can often work creatively too: “Mess puts items in context and the unexpected juxtapositions of unrelated items can cause you to make connections that you'd never make if the things were in two separate filing cabinets.”

There are even economies of scale: “One trip to clean 10 coffee cups is much more efficient that 10 trips to clean one.”

Messy desks have some celebrated advocates. Barack Obama recently allowed that he might have a messy desk; Nobel prize winner Robert Fogel dealt with the issue by buying a second desk; and Einstein famously asked: “If a cluttered desk is the sign of a cluttered mind, then what is an empty desk?”

Yet many people still believe untidy desks belong to slobs, whose disorganisation will make them unsatisfactory as colleagues and employees. Prof Abrahamson cites one chief executive who has two offices – one with a pristine desk where he receives visitors and one with the chaotic desk at which he works.

The messy desk has a vitual version. Not only is there the messy desktop, but PCs' powerful search abilities enable us to have clutter on a hard drive. If a computer can search thousands of documents and e-mails within minutes or even seconds, why bother organising the information properly? Arguably, onedownside of the virtual mess is that, by being less visible, it increases the likelihood of being careless, say, with laptops containing personal data.

Many companies take a stand against workstation disorder, but they say it is for pragmatic reasons. Richard Jordan, head of employer brand at Ernst & Young, the accountancy firm, says: “We have a flexible desk policy as a lot of people work out at clients. For them having a permanent desk is a waste of space,” and therefore they share a desk where personal clutter is kept to a minimum. Others insist on absence of clutter for compliance reasons.