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《驾驭盈利性增长，应对中国生产率挑战》报告摘要（下载报告
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目前普遍认为，中国经济为了保持增长态势、避免所谓的中等收入陷阱（middle-income trap），则必须提高生产率。政府已经通过某些政策敦促企业提高生产率，且在未来几年，其监管力度只会增强不会减弱。本报告旨在探索中国企业是否准备好应对生产率提高的挑战，以及高绩效企业应该在哪些关键领域采取措施，让生产率更上一层楼。本次调查共有来自1,700多家在华企业（包括本土企业和跨国企业）的首席高管和高级经理参与，反映了他们对中国商业环境的发展趋势和所在企业的运营实践的观点和评价。。
我们通过调查发现，尽管在华企业普遍保持盈利，但是在利润率方面却面临持续增加的压力。有近半数的受访者表示，所在企业的利润率比过去两年有所下降，而表示利润率增长的受访企业却仅有上述的一半。在绝大多数行业中，企业正面临收入增长放缓和成本性通胀走高的双重压力，导致利润空间受到严重挤压。
参与本调查的受访者一致认为，企业将成本上涨转嫁给消费者的空间十分有限。因此来自各个行业和各类所有制企业的高管们一致认同提高生产率刻不容缓。
关键问题在于应该从哪里着手改善生产率?为了解答这个问题，我们对受访企业各项竞争领域的运营有效性进行了详细分析，并以此评估其取得的生产率绩效，从中找到共性。通过分析我们得出四个关键结论。第一，同一行业中的不同企业在利润率和运营成熟度方面千差万别——绩效较差的一组企业呈现出“长尾”效应。因此，对于整体经济而言，提高生产率的契机将很可能来自于对“落后企业”的针对性改进。
第二，本土企业正在迎头赶上。超过四分之一的本土企业认为，他们在运营效率方面至少与在华外企的平均水平持平，而这一趋势很可能延续。尽管如此，大多数本土企业仍然落后于他们的外资同行。然而他们确实拥有很大的上升空间，可以通过引进领先的运营实践来推动生产率提高。
第三，为了探索高绩效企业在运营效率方面取得的成功是否存在共性，我们对盈利水平最高的一组样本进行了个别分析。其中最突出的结论在于，这些高绩效企业为了提高生产率所实施的改革力度——他们在广泛的竞争领域中培养专业知识和技能。简而言之，高绩效企业已经明显跨越了渐进式变革阶段，而是达到了为实现持续改进而制定并实施明确转型方案的高度，敢于打破传统的企业格局。
第四，高绩效企业在以下五个特定的运营领域中具有较强或较成熟的能力：长远的战略规划，标准的运营流程，严格的内部控制，有效的劳动力规划和强大的科技基础架构。这五项运营实践与高利润率之间存在高度相关，因此，也将成为那些亟待改善生产率企业的重要关注点和着力点。值得欣慰的是，我们通过分析发现，基于上述领域的改善并不需要大量的资金投入，却仍然适用于不同的企业和行业。然而，这些改善措施必须得到领导层的大力支持和持续参与，力求通过变革推动生产率的提高。
企业的各级领导者必须开始考虑应该怎样尽快构建和实施相关能力，以应对生产率提高的挑战。
Driving profitable growth: China’s productivity challenge （Dowload the Report）
Abstract
It is widely accepted that raising productivity will be critical if China is to keep growing and avoid the so called ‘middle income trap’. Leaders need to consider how their organizations can immediately start to build and implement the capabilities that will be essential to meet the challenges of China’s productivity imperative.
This report assesses how ready companies in China are for the challenge of productivity improvement, and sets out the key areas that high performing companies will need to tackle to take their productivity performance to the next level.
China’s previous growth engines running out of steam
Growth in exports has slowed significantly in the past three years as a result of gloomy conditions in key markets in Europe and North America. Within China, demographic change, environmental concerns, and other imbalances are impelling China to alter the speed and nature of its growth.
This has coincided with a fall in China’s productivity growth. Earlier rounds of market liberalization and privatization have largely run their course, and the mass reallocation of labor from low productivity agriculture to higher productivity manufacturing is drawing to an end.
Productivity on the government agenda
Companies can expect increasing pressure to raise productivity in coming years. The Chinese government’s industrial policy will give incentives to raise productivity, and penalize unproductive and wasteful companies.
The government is expected to implement further reforms to labor, capital and natural resources markets in line with the 12th five-year plan’s binding targets to lift average incomes and increase resource efficiency. This, in turn, is likely to make cost inflation a permanent feature in a slowing economy, something that most companies in China have yet to experience.
Productivity will be driven by firm-level improvements
As the benevolent conditions of the past decade wane, productivity growth will increasingly have to come from improvements at firm level. This is an important change.
For companies, the challenge goes beyond simple cost cutting. If companies are to continue to grow profitably, they will need to make much deeper and longer lasting improvements in their management and operational practices, use of technology and the application of innovation to their business.
